What are the temperatures of a well type crucible furnace?

The temperature range of a well type crucible furnace varies depending on factors such as furnace design, heating method, application scenario, and crucible material. The following is a classification explanation of common temperature ranges and key influencing factors:

1. Common temperature range
Low temperature type (≤ 1000 ℃)
Application scenarios: metal annealing, low-temperature sintering of ceramics, material drying, etc.
Heating method: resistance wire heating, simple structure, low cost.
Example: A small well furnace used in the laboratory for annealing metal samples.
Medium temperature type (1000 ℃ -1400 ℃)
Application scenarios: alloy melting, medium temperature sintering of ceramics, heat treatment, etc.
Heating method: Silicon carbon rod or silicon molybdenum rod heating, with good high temperature resistance.
Example: Industrial pit furnace used for melting copper alloys.
High temperature type (≥ 1400 ℃)
Application scenarios: High temperature alloy melting, ceramic sintering, new material research and development, etc.
Heating method: graphite heater or molybdenum wire heating, requiring special atmosphere protection.
Example: High temperature well furnace for scientific research, used for sintering high-temperature ceramic materials.

2. Key influencing factors
Crucible material
Graphite crucible: resistant to high temperatures (up to 3000 ℃), but prone to oxidation, requiring vacuum or inert atmosphere protection.
Ceramic crucible: resistant to high temperatures (1600 ℃ -1800 ℃), suitable for oxidizing atmospheres.
Metal crucible: such as nickel based alloy, resistant to high temperatures (1200 ℃ -1400 ℃), but with higher cost.
heating element
Resistance wire: suitable for low temperature type, low cost, but short lifespan.
Silicon carbon rod: suitable for medium temperature type, resistant to high temperature (1350 ℃), but prone to brittle fracture.
Silicon molybdenum rod: suitable for high temperature type, resistant to high temperature (1700 ℃), but avoid rapid cooling and heating.
Graphite heater: suitable for ultra-high temperature type, resistant to high temperature (3000 ℃), but requires special atmosphere protection.
atmosphere control
Vacuum environment: reduces oxidation, suitable for high-temperature alloy melting.
Inert gases (such as argon): protect crucibles and materials, suitable for high-temperature experiments.
Reductive gases (such as hydrogen): prevent oxidation and are suitable for melting certain metals.
Furnace structure
Single layer furnace body: suitable for low-temperature types, with a simple structure but poor insulation performance.
Double or multi-layer furnace body: suitable for medium and high temperature types, with good insulation performance and reduced heat loss.

3. Temperature selection suggestions
Select based on material properties
Metal materials: Choose according to melting point, such as copper (1083 ℃), aluminum (660 ℃).
Ceramic material: Choose according to the sintering temperature, such as alumina (1600 ℃ -1700 ℃).
New material: Temperature range needs to be customized according to research and development requirements.
Select according to process requirements
Melting: It needs to be higher than the melting point of the material and leave a margin.
Sintering: The selection should be based on the material sintering curve.
Heat treatment: The selection should be based on the phase transition temperature of the material.
Select based on cost budget
Low temperature type: Low cost, suitable for laboratory and small-scale production.
High temperature type: High cost, suitable for industrial production and scientific research.