What are the temperature ranges for customized box type resistance atmosphere furnaces?

The temperature range design of customized box type resistance atmosphere furnaces is flexible, usually divided according to material characteristics, process requirements, and user customization requirements, covering multiple ranges such as low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature, and ultra-high temperature. The following are common temperature range classifications and typical application scenarios:

1. Classification of common temperature ranges
Low temperature range ≤ 1000 ℃: Annealing, aging treatment (for metal materials), ceramic drying, pre sintering, powder metallurgy degreasing.
Medium temperature range of 1000-1400 ℃: metal heat treatment (quenching, tempering), ceramic sintering (low-temperature ceramics, electronic ceramics), glass annealing.
High temperature range of 1400-1600 ℃: metal melting (precious metals, alloys), ceramic high-temperature sintering (alumina, silicon nitride), silicon carbide synthesis
Ultra high temperature range of 1600-2000+℃: sintering of superhard materials (diamond, cubic boron nitride), advanced ceramics (zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide), scientific research experiments

2. Selection criteria for temperature range
Material characteristics
Metal materials: Low temperature annealing (≤ 600 ℃) eliminates stress, high temperature quenching (800-1000 ℃) enhances hardness.
Ceramic materials: Low temperature pre firing (≤ 600 ℃) eliminates organic matter, and high-temperature sintering (1400-1600 ℃) densifies.
Composite materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced ceramics, require ultra-high temperature (≥ 1800 ℃) to achieve interfacial bonding.
Process requirements
Atmosphere protection: Inert gases (such as nitrogen and argon) are required to prevent oxidation at high temperatures, and hydrogen atmosphere is used for reduction treatment.
Heating rate: The high-temperature section should be slowly heated (such as 5-10 ℃/min) to avoid thermal stress cracking.
Insulation time: Ultra high temperature sintering requires long insulation (≥ 4 hours) to ensure uniform grain growth.
Customized requirements
Special process: For semiconductor material annealing that requires precise temperature control (± 1 ℃), a high-precision temperature control system needs to be customized.
Size and structure: Large furnaces require zone temperature control, while small-sized furnaces can achieve rapid heating.
Automation level: It is necessary to integrate a PLC control system to achieve fully automated control of temperature, atmosphere, and time.

3. Temperature range and equipment selection
heating element
Low temperature section: Iron chromium aluminum resistance wire (low cost, temperature resistance ≤ 1200 ℃).
High temperature range: Silicon molybdenum rod (temperature resistance ≤ 1700 ℃, strong oxidation resistance).
Ultra high temperature section: graphite heating element (temperature resistance ≤ 2000 ℃, requiring inert atmosphere protection).
Furnace material
Low temperature range: ordinary ceramic fiber board (temperature resistance ≤ 1200 ℃).
High temperature section: alumina fiber module (temperature resistance ≤ 1600 ℃).
Ultra high temperature section: Silicon carbide/graphite felt (temperature resistance ≤ 2000 ℃, requiring anti oxidation coating).
temperature control system
Low temperature section: PID temperature controller (accuracy ± 1 ℃).
High temperature section: Multi stage programmable temperature controller (supporting heating insulation cooling curve).
Ultra high temperature section: Dual mode temperature control with infrared thermometer and thermocouple (accuracy ± 0.5 ℃).

4. Typical case
Metal heat treatment
Temperature range: 800-1000 ℃ (medium temperature range)
Process: Quenching+tempering to enhance hardness and toughness.
Equipment: Silicon molybdenum rod heating, alumina fiber furnace, PID temperature control.
Ceramic sintering
Temperature range: 1400-1600 ℃ (high temperature range)
Process: Densification and sintering of alumina ceramics.
Equipment: Silicon molybdenum rod heating, silicon carbide furnace, multi-stage program temperature control.
Synthesis of Superhard Materials
Temperature range: 1800-2000 ℃ (ultra-high temperature range)
Process: Diamond sintering requires high pressure, high temperature, and inert atmosphere.
Equipment: Graphite heating element, graphite felt furnace, infrared temperature measurement+hydraulic pressurization system.

5. Precautions
Temperature uniformity: A hot air circulation system should be designed inside the high-temperature section furnace to ensure a temperature difference of ≤± 5 ℃.
Atmosphere control: Accurate control of atmosphere flow is required at ultra-high temperatures to avoid insufficient oxidation or reduction.
Safety protection: High temperature equipment should be equipped with over temperature alarm, leakage protection, and gas leakage detection devices.

Summarize
The selection of temperature range for customized box type resistance atmosphere furnace requires comprehensive consideration of material characteristics, process requirements, and equipment selection. The low temperature range is suitable for annealing, drying and other processes, the medium temperature range is used for metal heat treatment and ceramic sintering, the high temperature range is suitable for metal melting and advanced ceramic synthesis, and the ultra-high temperature range is used for superhard materials and scientific research experiments. By selecting heating elements, furnace materials, and temperature control systems reasonably, efficient and precise temperature control can be achieved to meet the needs of different application scenarios.