Application fields of box type resistor muffle furnace

Box type resistor muffle furnace is widely used in various fields such as materials science, chemical analysis, industrial manufacturing, energy and environmental protection due to its efficient heating, precise temperature control and multifunctionality. The following is a detailed analysis of its core application scenarios and typical cases:

1. Materials Science and Engineering
Metal heat treatment
Annealing: Eliminating internal stresses in metals and improving cutting performance. For example, 45 # steel is slowly cooled after being insulated at 720-750 ℃, and its hardness drops to HB180-200, making it easier for subsequent processing.
Quenching: Improve metal hardness and wear resistance. GCr15 bearing steel, after heating at 850 ℃ and oil quenching, has a hardness of HRC 60-65.
Tempering: Adjusting the toughness of metals. After quenching, 40Cr steel is tempered at 200 ℃, reducing its hardness to HRC 48-52 and improving its impact resistance by 30%.
Time treatment: Aluminum alloy is kept at 120-190 ℃ for 4-24 hours to eliminate internal stress and improve dimensional stability to ± 0.05mm/m.
Ceramic and glass preparation
Ceramic sintering: Alumina ceramics are kept at 1550 ℃ for 2 hours to achieve densification (density ≥ 3.9 g/cm ³), with a bending strength of 350 MPa.
Glass melting: Borosilicate glass is formed after melting at 1600 ℃, with a light transmittance of ≥ 90% and a thermal expansion coefficient as low as 3.3 × 10 ⁻⁶/℃.
Glass annealing: Ordinary glass is slowly cooled after insulation at 550-600 ℃ to eliminate internal stress and increase strength by 20%.
Composite material synthesis
Carbon fiber reinforced ceramics: Carbon fiber and alumina are co sintered at 1400 ℃, and the interfacial bonding strength is increased to 50 MPa.
Metal based composite materials: Aluminum based composite materials are hot pressed at 600 ℃, reducing density by 15% and increasing thermal conductivity to 180 W/(m · K).

2. Chemical analysis and testing
elemental analysis
Ash content determination: Coal is burned at 815 ℃ to constant weight, and the ash content is determined (in accordance with GB/T 212-2008 standard) with an error of ≤ 0.1%.
Heavy metal detection: After ashing soil samples at 550 ℃, lead and cadmium content is detected by ICP-OES with a detection limit as low as 0.1 mg/kg.
Organic decomposition: Plastic samples are pyrolyzed at 450 ℃ and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition by GC-MS.
Preparation and characterization of catalysts
Platinum carbon catalyst reduction: Reduction with hydrogen gas at 400 ℃, with an active specific surface area of ≥ 80 m ²/g, used for oxygen reduction reactions in fuel cells.
Molecular sieve activation: ZSM-5 molecular sieve was calcined at 550 ℃ for 4 hours to remove the template agent, and the specific surface area was restored to 350 m ²/g.
Pharmaceutical Analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): Drug polymorphs lose weight at 100-300 ℃ to determine the content of crystalline water and guide the formulation process.
Dry weight loss determination: The raw material is dried at 105 ℃ to a constant weight, with a moisture content of ≤ 1.0% (in accordance with the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia).

3. Industrial Manufacturing and Production
Electronic component manufacturing
MLCC sintering: Multilayer ceramic capacitors are sintered at 1200 ℃, with a shrinkage rate controlled at ± 0.1% and a capacitance deviation of ≤ 5%.
Semiconductor packaging: Epoxy resin is cured at 150 ℃ for 2 hours, with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 180 ℃, improving heat resistance.
powder metallurgy
Iron based powder pressing: Iron powder is sintered at 1150 ℃, with a density of 7.2 g/cm ³ and a tensile strength of ≥ 400 MPa.
Stainless steel powder injection molding (MIM): 316L stainless steel is degreased and sintered at 1350 ℃, with a dimensional accuracy of ± 0.05 mm.
Textile and Printing and Dyeing
Heat setting: Polyester fabric is heat set at 190 ℃ for 30 seconds, with a size shrinkage rate of ≤ 1% and a 2-level improvement in wrinkle resistance.
Dye fixation: Reactive dyes are baked at 120 ℃ for 5 minutes, increasing the fixation rate to 95% and achieving a color fastness of 4-5 levels.

4. In the field of energy and environmental protection
Development of new energy materials
Lithium ion battery cathode material: LiCoO ₂ is calcined at 900 ℃ for 12 hours, with uniform grain size (1-3 μ m) and a specific capacity of 140 mAh/g.
Solar cell silicon wafer: Polycrystalline silicon annealed at 1000 ℃ increases the minority carrier lifetime to 10 μ s and improves conversion efficiency by 1%.
Waste Disposal
Sludge incineration: Urban sludge is incinerated at 850 ℃, with a reduction rate of ≥ 80% and a heavy metal solidification rate of ≥ 95%.
Fly ash melting: The incineration fly ash melts at 1400 ℃, with a dioxin decomposition rate of ≥ 99.99%, and the glass leaching toxicity meets the standards.
Carbon Capture and Utilization
Biomass pyrolysis: Straw is pyrolyzed at 500 ℃, with a biochar yield of 35% and a carbon fixation rate of ≥ 50%.
CO ₂ mineralization: Steel slag reacts with CO ₂ at 700 ℃, with a carbonation rate of ≥ 80%, achieving carbon sequestration and resource utilization.

5. Research and Education Fields
university laboratory
Material synthesis teaching: Students prepare ZnO nanoparticles using a muffle furnace (calcined at 400 ℃ for 2 hours), and analyze the crystal structure through XRD.
Thermal analysis experiment: Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) combined with muffle furnace was used to determine the melting point (Tm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer.
Enterprise R&D Center
New material development: The R&D team used a muffle furnace to prepare graphene/ceramic composite materials (hot pressed at 1800 ℃), which increased conductivity by 10 times.
Process optimization: Determine the optimal aging temperature (160 ℃) and time (8 hours) for aluminum alloy through orthogonal experiments, with a hardness of HV 150.

Summarize
The box type resistor muffle furnace has become a core equipment in the fields of material synthesis, chemical analysis, industrial manufacturing, and energy and environmental protection through precise temperature control and efficient heating. Its application covers the entire chain from laboratory trials to industrial mass production. When selecting, special attention should be paid to the temperature range (such as 1200 ℃ or 1700 ℃), furnace size, and additional functions (such as program temperature control and atmosphere protection) to match different scene requirements.