Tube furnace pyrolysis gas

Tube furnace pyrolysis gas is a gas product produced by the pyrolysis of organic matter such as biomass and waste plastics in a tube furnace. Its main components include CO, H ₂, CH ₄, and a small amount of hydrocarbons. Its generation is significantly affected by temperature, raw material type, and atmosphere control. Optimizing the process can improve gas yield and calorific value, achieve energy recovery and environmental emission reduction. The following is a specific analysis:

generation process
Tube furnace pyrolysis gas is generated by the pyrolysis reaction of organic matter in a tube furnace. The tube furnace heats the outer wall of the reactor through fuel combustion, and conducts inter wall heat transfer, causing the reactants inside the tube to undergo pyrolysis reaction under anaerobic or low oxygen conditions. During this process, organic matter decomposes into gas, liquid, and solid products, with the gas product being the pyrolysis gas.

Composition and Properties
The main components of pyrolysis gas include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H ₂), methane (CH ₄), and a small amount of hydrocarbon compounds. These gases are flammable and can be recovered and utilized as energy sources. The composition and properties of pyrolysis gas are influenced by various factors such as pyrolysis temperature, raw material type, and atmosphere control. For example, in the process of biomass pyrolysis, as the temperature increases, the carbon yield gradually decreases, while the quality of bio oil and gas production volume gradually increase. There are also differences in the gas composition and yield produced by different raw materials during the pyrolysis process.

Application and advantages
Energy recovery and utilization: Pyrolysis gas can be recovered and utilized as a combustible gas, replacing traditional fossil fuels and reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. For example, in biomass gasification power generation technology, biomass raw materials are gasified through a tube furnace to convert solid fuel into gaseous fuel, improve energy utilization, and then generate electricity using gasification gas power generation equipment or a combined gasification power generation cycle system.
Environmental protection and emission reduction: Tube furnace pyrolysis technology can effectively reduce the generation and emission of harmful gases by controlling reaction conditions and atmosphere. The solid residue generated by pyrolysis can also be further processed, such as for brick making, landfill, etc., to achieve waste reduction, resource utilization, and harmless treatment.
Promoting the development of circular economy: The application of tube furnace pyrolysis technology helps to promote the development of circular economy. By pyrolysis treatment, waste is converted into resources, achieving resource reuse, reducing dependence on primary resources, and promoting sustainable economic development.

Influencing factors and optimization
Temperature: Temperature is one of the key factors affecting the generation of pyrolysis gas. As the temperature increases, the pyrolysis reaction rate accelerates and the gas yield increases. However, excessively high temperatures may also lead to secondary cracking of gas products, reducing gas yield. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the pyrolysis temperature to obtain the optimal gas yield and calorific value.
Raw material type: There are differences in the gas composition and yield produced by different raw materials during the pyrolysis process. For example, lignin produces more H ₂ and CH ₄ during pyrolysis, while the volume fraction of CO in cellulose pyrolysis gas is higher. Therefore, when selecting raw materials, it is necessary to consider their pyrolysis characteristics and product distribution.
Atmosphere control: Atmosphere control also has an important impact on the generation of pyrolysis gas. By adjusting the type and flow rate of gas introduced into the tube furnace, the atmosphere of the pyrolysis reaction can be controlled, thereby affecting the type and properties of the products. For example, conducting pyrolysis reaction under steam dilution conditions can suppress coking and remove the generated carbon, thereby improving gas yield.