Biomass pyrolysis tube furnace

Biomass pyrolysis tube furnace is a device that uses tube furnace technology to achieve biomass pyrolysis conversion. It converts biomass raw materials into gaseous, liquid, and solid products through high-temperature cracking, and has the characteristics of efficient decomposition of toxic substances, energy recovery, and environmental protection and emission reduction.

1. Technical principles and structure
The biomass pyrolysis tube furnace adopts a layered treatment technology, which is divided from top to bottom into a drying layer, a dry distillation layer, a reduction layer, and an oxidation layer:
Dry layer (200-300 ℃): removes moisture from the raw materials to provide dry materials for subsequent pyrolysis reactions.
Dry distillation layer: Pyrolysis of organic matter under anaerobic conditions, producing combustible gases and ash residue. This process is the core of biomass pyrolysis, which decomposes organic matter in biomass into small molecule gases and liquid fractions through high-temperature cracking.
Reduction layer: generates combustible gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen. These gases have a high calorific value and can be recovered and utilized as energy.
Oxidation layer: Provides heat through combustion to maintain a high temperature environment. The combustion reaction of the oxide layer provides the necessary heat for the entire pyrolysis process, ensuring the continuous progress of the pyrolysis reaction.

2. Equipment type and selection
There are various types of biomass pyrolysis tube furnaces, which can be selected based on factors such as raw material type, processing scale, and product requirements
Fixed bed tube furnace: suitable for small-scale processing, with a simple structure and easy operation. But the pyrolysis efficiency is relatively low, suitable for scenarios where the product requirements are not high.
Fluidized bed tube furnace: achieves efficient heat and mass transfer through fluidization technology, reduces coking, and has a long operating cycle. Suitable for processing solid raw materials such as waste plastics, biomass pellets, etc. The fluidized bed tube furnace has high pyrolysis efficiency and high product purity, but the equipment structure is complex and the investment cost is high.
Rotating bed tube furnace: The furnace body is designed to be circular and rotatable, optimizing the efficiency of thermal energy utilization. By rotating the furnace body to uniformly heat the material, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved. The rotary bed tube furnace is suitable for large-scale processing and has high pyrolysis efficiency, but the equipment structure is complex and the maintenance cost is high.

3. Application Fields and Advantages
Biomass pyrolysis tube furnace has a wide range of applications in multiple fields, and its advantages are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Energy recovery and utilization: Through pyrolysis treatment, organic matter in biomass is converted into combustible gases and liquid fuels, such as bio oil, bio gas, etc. These fuels can be recycled and utilized as energy sources, replacing traditional fossil fuels and reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution.
Environmental Protection and Emission Reduction: Biomass pyrolysis tube furnaces can effectively reduce the generation and emission of harmful gases by controlling reaction conditions and atmosphere during waste treatment. The solid residue generated by pyrolysis can also be further processed, such as for brick making, landfill, etc., to achieve waste reduction, resource utilization, and harmless treatment.
Promoting the development of circular economy: The application of biomass pyrolysis tube furnace helps to promote the development of circular economy. By pyrolysis treatment, waste is converted into resources, achieving resource reuse, reducing dependence on primary resources, and promoting sustainable economic development.
High temperature pyrolysis decomposition of toxic substances: The biomass pyrolysis tube furnace adopts high-temperature pyrolysis technology, which can effectively decompose toxic substances such as dioxins and avoid secondary pollution. This feature gives biomass pyrolysis tube furnaces significant advantages in treating waste containing toxic substances.

4. Selection suggestions
When selecting a biomass pyrolysis tube furnace, the following factors should be comprehensively considered:
Raw material type: Select the appropriate furnace type based on the type of raw material. For example, for light hydrocarbon raw materials, SRT or USC cracking furnaces can be selected; For heavy raw materials such as naphtha and light diesel, it is necessary to choose furnace types with high temperature resistance and strong coking resistance, such as USC or millisecond cracking furnaces.
Processing scale: Select the appropriate furnace type based on the processing scale. For small-scale processing, a fixed bed tube furnace can be chosen; For large-scale processing, fluidized bed tube furnace or rotary bed tube furnace can be selected.
Product requirements: Select the appropriate furnace type according to the product requirements. For example, for high ethylene yield requirements, USC type cracking furnaces can be chosen; For high propylene yield requirements, millisecond cracking furnaces can be chosen.
Thermal efficiency and operating costs: Taking into account both thermal efficiency and operating costs, select the appropriate furnace type. For example, a regenerative cracking furnace reduces fuel consumption through energy cycling, making it suitable for cost sensitive projects; Fluidized bed cracking furnace reduces energy consumption through efficient heat transfer, but the equipment investment cost is relatively high.