What materials can be cracked by biomass pyrolysis tube furnace?

The biomass pyrolysis tube furnace can convert various carbon containing organic materials into gaseous, liquid, and solid products through high-temperature cracking technology. Its applicable material range is wide, covering biomass raw materials, organic waste, and some fossil fuel derivatives. The following are specific materials that can be cracked and their analysis:

1. Biomass raw materials
Forestry waste
Wood processing residues, such as sawdust, sawdust, shavings, etc., are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. After pyrolysis, they can generate bio oil, bio gas, and biochar.
Pruning branches in forestry: tree branches, bark, etc. can be utilized as resources through pyrolysis, reducing the risk of forest fires.
agricultural waste
Straw materials, such as corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, etc., have high production and wide distribution. After pyrolysis, they can generate biogas for power generation or heating.
Fruit shells, such as coconut shells, walnut shells, almond shells, etc., due to their high density and high calorific value, pyrolysis products (such as biochar) can be used for activated carbon preparation or soil improvement.
Livestock manure: Harmless treatment can be achieved through pyrolysis, while generating biogas and biochar, reducing environmental pollution.
Energy crops
Specialized energy plants, such as switchgrass, Miscanthus, fast-growing forests, etc., have short growth cycles and high yields, and are specifically used for biomass energy production.
Algae biomass: Microalgae, macroalgae, etc., due to their high oil content, can generate biodiesel or biogas after pyrolysis.

2. Organic waste
Plastic waste
Thermoplastic materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), etc., can be cracked into fuel oil, combustible gases, and carbon black in a tubular furnace.
Thermosetting plastics, such as phenolic resins, epoxy resins, etc., although difficult to crack, can also be partially cracked by optimizing process conditions (such as temperature, catalyst).
Rubber waste
Waste tires: The rubber components (such as natural rubber and synthetic rubber) and carbon black in tires can be thermally decomposed to generate fuel oil, combustible gases, and recycled carbon black, achieving resource recycling.
Organic sludge
Urban sludge: Sludge generated during sewage treatment, containing a large amount of organic matter. After pyrolysis, it can generate biogas and biochar for soil improvement or energy recovery.
Industrial sludge, such as papermaking sludge, printing and dyeing sludge, can be reduced in volume through pyrolysis, achieving harmless treatment.

3. Fossil fuel derivatives (auxiliary materials)
coal
Low rank coal, such as lignite and long flame coal, can be pyrolyzed to produce coal gas, tar, and semi coke, improving coal utilization efficiency.
Coal tar: a byproduct produced during the dry distillation or gasification of coal, which can be further purified or converted into high value-added chemicals through pyrolysis.
Petroleum residue
Heavy oil, such as residual oil and asphalt, can be pyrolyzed to produce light oil products and combustible gases, achieving the lightweighting of heavy oil products.
Oil shale: Shale oil and combustible gases can be generated through pyrolysis, expanding energy sources.

4. Material cracking characteristics and process optimization
Cleavage temperature
There is a significant difference in the cracking temperature range of different materials. For example, the cracking temperature of biomass raw materials is usually between 400-600 ℃, while the cracking temperature of plastic waste may be as high as 700-900 ℃. The furnace temperature needs to be adjusted according to the material characteristics to optimize the product distribution.
Atmosphere control
Inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen) can reduce oxidation reactions and increase the yield of liquid products; Oxidative atmosphere (such as air) can promote the generation of gas products, but the oxygen content needs to be controlled to avoid excessive combustion.
Catalyst application
Adding catalysts such as zeolites and metal oxides can lower the cracking temperature and improve the selectivity of the target product. For example, catalysts can promote the cracking of plastic waste to produce high-value chemicals, rather than simple fuels.
dwell time
Extending the residence time can increase the depth of cracking, but may increase the generation of coke. The residence time needs to be optimized according to product requirements to balance yield and product quality.